焦急啊 明天上学要做PPT 想全部台球 还不会英文！！！！！！！！！嘎嘎 帮协助Cue sports (sometimes spelled cuesports), also known as billiard sports, are a wide variety of games of skill generally played with a cue stick which is used to strike billiard balls, moving them around a cloth-covered billiards table bounded by rubber cushionsAll cue sports are generally regarded to have evolved into indoor games from outdoor stick-and-ball lawn games (retroactively termed ground billiards) , and as such to be related to trucco, croquet and golf, and more distantly to the stickless bocce and bowls.The word "billiard" may have evolved from the French word billart or billette, meaning "stick", in reference to the mace, an implement similar to a golf club, which was the forerunner to the modern cue; the term's origin may have also been from French bille, meaning "ball". The modern term "cue sports" can be used to encompass the ancestral mace games, and even the modern cueless variants, such as finger billiards, for historical reasons. "Cue" itself came from queue, the French word for a tail. This refers to the early practice of using the tail of the mace to strike the ball when it lay against a rail cushion.A recognizable form of billiards was played outdoors in the 1340s, and was reminiscent of croquet. King Louis XI of France (1461–1483) had the first known indoor billiard table. Louis XIV further refined and popularized the game, and it swiftly spread amongst the French nobility. While the game had long been played on the ground, this version appears to have died out in the 1600s, in favor of croquet, golf and bowling games, while table billiards had grown in popularity as an indoor activity. Mary, Queen of Scots, claimed that her "table de billiard" had been taken away by what would eventually become her executioners (who covered her body with the table's cloth).[5] In 1588, the Duke of Norfolk, owned a "billyard bord coered with a greene cloth... three billyard sticks and 11 balls of yvery". Billiards grew to the extent that by 1727, it was being played in almost every Paris cafe. In England, the game was developing into a very popular activity for members of the gentry.By 1670, the thin butt end of the mace began to be used not only for shots under the cushion (which itself was originally only there as a preventative method to stop balls from rolling off), but players increasingly preferred it for other shots as well. The cue as it is known today was finally developed by about 1800.Initially, the mace was used to push the balls, rather than strike them. The newly developed striking cue provided a new challenge. Cushions began to be stuffed with substances to allow the balls to rebound, in order to enhance the appeal of the game. After a transitional period where only the better players would use cues, the cue came to be the first choice of equipment.The demand for tables and other equipment was initially met in Europe by John Thurston and other furniture makers of the era. The early balls were made from wood and clay, but the rich preferred to use ivory.Early billiard games involved various pieces of additional equipment, including the "arch" (related to the croquet hoop), "port" (a different hoop) and "king" (a pin or skittle near the arch) in the 1770s, but other game variants, relying on the cushions (and eventually on pockets cut into them), were being formed that would go on to play fundamental roles in the development of modern billiards.Illustration of a three ball pocket billiards game in early 19th century Tübingen, Germany, using a table much longer than the modern type.The early croquet-like games eventually led to the development of the carom or carambole billiards category – what most non-US and non-UK speakers mean by the word "billiards". These games, which once completely dominated the cue sports world but have declined markedly in many areas over the last few generations, are games played with three or sometimes four balls, on a table without holes (and without obstructions or targets in most cases), in which the goal is generally to strike one object ball with a cue ball, then have the cue ball rebound off of one or more of the cushions and strike a second object ball. Variations include three-cushion, straight rail and the balkline variants, cushion caroms, five-pins, and four-ball, among others.Over time, a type of obstacle returned, originally as a hazard and later as a target, in the form of pockets, or holes partly cut into the table bed and partly into the cushions, leading to the rise of pocket billiards, especially "pool" games, popular around the world in forms such as eight-ball, nine-ball, straight pool and one-pocket amongst numerous others. The terms "pool" and "pocket billiards" are now virtually interchangeable, especially in the US. English billiards (what UK speakers almost invariably mean by the word "billiards") is a hybrid carom/pocket game, and as such is likely fairly close to the ancestral original pocket billiards outgrowth from 18th to early 19th century carom games.Origin of biliards台球的来源 Billiards sports have already had a history of nearly 600 years. Criticize of a text then according to writer , Hundley of billiards historian gram, world 1st appearance, billiards of desk in A.D. 1400, the ball desk at that time had no bag , there are only arched doors or the post door. People in the center turn on one round hole in desk later on, turn on four holes in 4 of desk, the increase of the hole excited playing with the ball interest of people at the same time , until opening six round holes in the desk, is it fall bags of type embryonic form , billiards of table today to develop into just.台球活动已经存在近600年的汗青了。 据作家、台球史学家亨德利克斯考据，世界第1张台球桌的涌现是在公元1400年，其时的球桌无袋，只有拱门或柱门。后来人们在桌子中间开了一个圆洞，继而又在桌子四角开了四个洞，洞的增长同时也激发了人们的玩球兴致，直到在桌子开了六个圆洞，才演化成了今天落袋式台球球台的雏形。 The following are several kinds of statements about the origin of the billiards 关于台球的来源有如下几种说法 (a)Originated from France. U.S.A. humanity modest to say law Wang Charlie period of seven generations among work of him 1904, have billiards sports already. The name of the billiards came from French, France already presented " billiards " in the 15th century, word " BILLE " in Russian ( The billiards) come from French. (a)来源于法国。1904年美国人道逊在他的著作中说，法王查理七世时代，已经有台球活动了。台球的名称来自法语，早在15世纪法国已涌现了“台球”一词，俄语中的单词"BILLE"(台球)就是来自于法语 (b)Originated from China. Department , poet of British , describe history about billiards among books written in 1674. Mention in the book when the billiards are fought east by the Crusades , from a kind of old game taken to Europe in the east, and then improved by Italy and Spain. (b)来源于中国．英国诗人科顿1674年所著之书中,描述了有关台球的汗青.书中谈到台球是十字军东征时，从东方带到欧洲的一种古老的游戏，后经意年夜利和西班牙改良而成。 (c)Originated from Britain. Englishmen like this sport very much, in December of 1836, the first billiard ball desk is set up in London, the first billiard ball hall runs in London afterwards, the first billiards association is established spontaneously in Britain too. (c)来源于英国。英国人很爱好这一活动，1836年12月，第一张台球桌在伦敦设置，第一家台球馆随后在伦敦创办，第一个台球协会也是在英国自觉成立。Rise of snooker biliards Snooker of billiards can trace back to A.D. 1875, by based in India one Neville, officer of Britain,. Bao Si. Zhang Bolun (Neville Bowes Chamberlain ), and gangs of companions of him invent at first. 斯诺克台球的鼓起可以追溯到公元1875年，是由驻扎在印度的一位英国军官内维尔.鲍斯.张伯伦（Neville Bowes Chamberlain）和他的一帮战友们起首发 明的。 Before the snooker ball is produced , billiard ball game has existed for a long time, and there are many kinds of playing methods. Among them , have one name playing method on " black ball enter bag ", in Neville. Bao Si. Very popular in the army which Zhang Bolun belongs to. This kind of playing method uses a white ball, 15 red balls and a black ball. Have one day, Neville. Bao Si. Zhang Bolun and his companions think the playing method that " the black ball is entered bag " is too simple , dull, determine to increase the yellow, green, pink three colorful balls go up. Soon , it is not enough to make again , combine with the brown chromosphere and blue chromosphere. In this way, form the snooker billiards of 22 balls that have already prevailed in the whole world so far. 在斯诺克球发抖 昌盛之前，台球游戏早就存在，并且有多 种弄法。个中，有一种叫做“黑球入袋”（Black Pool）的弄法，在内维尔.鲍斯.张伯伦地点的部队中异常风行。这种弄法用1个白球，15个红球和1个黑球。有一天，内维尔.鲍斯.张伯伦和他的战友们认为“黑球入袋”的弄法太简略、枯燥，便决议增长黄色、绿色、粉色三个彩球上去。不久，又赚不敷，再加上了棕色球和蓝色球。如许，便形成了至今已盛行全球的22个球的斯诺克台球。 It is said, the name of the snooker billiards, with Neville too. Bao Si. Zhang Bolun has something to do. One day, Neville. Bao Si. Between Zhang Bolun and one partner at by 22 billiards of ball, they of new invention this kind of playing, a very easy goal, the other side has not hit . It is the snooker that he banters the other side smoothly (snooker is that the prevalence to the new students of grade one was called the law in the local military courtyard at that time ). He ask smoothly so, remind everybody , make everybody realize, as to such new billiards playing method, everybody new hand, snooker. Then, the call of the snooker begins to be popular and fixing. 据说，斯诺克台球的定名也与内维尔.鲍斯.张伯伦有关。有一次，内维尔.鲍斯.张伯伦统一个伙伴在打这种由他们新创造的22个球的台球时，一个很轻易的进球，对方没有打中。他便顺口戏谑对方是斯诺克（斯诺克是那时本地军事院里对一年级新生的风行称法）。他这么顺口一叫，提示了年夜家，使年夜家意识到，对于这种新的台球弄法，年夜家都是新手，都是斯诺克。于是，斯诺克的叫法便开端风行并固定下来。 Snow ball billiards pass back into homeland of billiards soon ----Britain. However, were occupying the leading status in the Britain traditional BILLIARDS billiards at that time and considered to be the orthodox and scientific playing method. The snooker billiards can only be a kind of folk amusement ways for the moment, it is difficult to mount the hall of the elegance. Under the unremitting efforts of snooker fans , in 1916 , held the England amateurish snooker championship for the first time. However, until the snooker headliner Joe appeared in the twenties. Davies (Joe Davis ), snooker billiards do not begin in prevailing Britain really. 斯诺球台球很快便被传回了台球的家乡----英国。然则，其时在英国主流的BILLIARDS台球占领着主导位置，被以为是正统的和科学的弄法。斯诺克台球一时只能是平易近间的一种娱乐方法，难于登上年夜雅之堂。 在斯诺克喜好者们保持不懈的尽力下，于1916年，初次举行了英格兰业余斯诺克锦标赛。然而，一向到20年月涌现了斯诺克年夜明星乔.戴维斯(Joe Davis),斯诺克台球才真正开端在英国风行。 Joe. Davies is that the first realizes the snooker player who controls the importance of returning one of white ball. He is it control to return location white ball to utilize, create continuous goal chance , break single pole pole receive the highest rating the record while being numerous. Before this, make the general concept of the snooker, it is the ball that can obviously be entered that is thrown into bag , then play a safe ball , wait for the goal chance of next time. So single pole at that time score 20 degrees or 30 degrees , think to be pretty good. However, Joe. But Davies has improved this horizontal standard by one 步骤 greatly . 乔.戴维斯是第一位熟悉到掌握白球回位的主要性的斯诺克选手.他应用掌握白球的回位，发明持续进球机遇，多次刷新单杆杆得分最高记载。在此之前，打斯诺克的一般概念，是将显著可以进的球打进袋，然后打一个保险 球，期待下次进球机遇。故此，其时单杆进球20度或者30度，已被以为相当不错。然而，乔.戴维斯却将这个程度尺度给年夜年夜地进步了一步。 Joe. Davies\' consummate skill has attracted large quantities of audiences. 1926, yes Joe. Under the efforts of Davies and his friends, billiards association and management club (BA&CC ) agreed and succeeded in holding the first snooker billiards world professional championship in history in London at last, have established the position of the billiards circle of the snooker. Through the struggle of six months, totally in everybody\'s expectation too, Joe. Davies has captured the champion of first world professional championship with the absolute predominance . In the cheers of a scene of victories, the first dazzling and brilliant snooker star has emerged. Joe. Davies has been taking champion\'s throne steadily all the time in the world professional championship that is held every year , until retire in 1946. In all formal matches, Joe. Davies has not failed . And, each finals result, all between champion and runner-up. 乔.戴维斯的精深身手吸引了年夜批不雅众。1926年，在乔.戴维斯和他的同伙们的尽力下，台球协会和治理俱乐部(BA&CC)最终赞成而且胜利地在伦敦举行了汗青上首届斯诺克台球世界职业锦标赛,奠基了斯诺克的台球界的位置。经由六个月的奋战,也完整在年夜家的预感之中，乔.戴维斯以一定优势夺得了首届世界职业锦标赛的冠军。在一片成功的欢呼声中，出生了第一颗刺眼醒目的斯诺克明星。乔.戴维斯在今后每隔一年举行的世界职业锦标赛中，一向稳坐冠军宝座，直到1946年退休为止。在所有的正式竞赛中，乔.戴维斯没有输过一场。并且，每次决赛成果，冠亚军之间都差距悬殊。如今，世界前100名职业选手之间。己不再存在如斯显著差距了。乔.戴维斯真正可以说是斯诺克汗青上的一位奇才。 Until 1969, with the birth of the color TV, the snooker billiards obtained new lives again, and grow vigorously . At that time, Britain BBC TV station was developing in order to cater to the sports program that the color TV is being broadcast, and Snow speech grams of billiards with had by it abundant color, obvious to can give play to sports program , color TV of advantage most, get form , BBC of TV station look at , quickly , BBC TV station introduce match special column , snooker of billiards naturally, and broadcast live some snooker matches. The billiards star of the snooker has become widely known personages soon. Thereupon , a generation of new professional players of snooker have emerged too. 直到1969年，跟着彩色电视的出生，斯诺克台球再次获得新生，而且获得蓬勃成长。其时，英国BBC电视台正在开辟以逢迎彩色电视播放的体育节目，而斯诺言克台球以其所具有的丰硕的颜色，不言而喻是最能施展彩色电视优势的体育节目，天经地义获得了BBC电视台的表睐，很快，BBC电视台推出了斯诺克台球的竞赛专栏，而且直播一些斯诺克竞赛实况。斯诺克台球明星很快就成为了家喻户晓的人物。随之，也出生了一代新的斯诺克职业手。 Now, the snooker billiards widely launch each corner of the earth ownly. Asia and Europe are the area with the fastest developing speed, in 1988-1989, two world ranking had a match and is held in Canada and France respectively for the first time. Then, some world ranking is it visit and hold in Hong Kong , Bangkok , Du in succession to have a match. The Asian Games in 1988, the billiards will be classified as the gold medal project. Today , the snooker billiards become an international sports activity that the people of various countries like ownly. 如今，斯诺克台球己普遍地开展了地球的各个角落。亚洲同欧洲是成长最快的地域，1988—1989年，两个世界排名赛初次分离在加拿年夜和法国举办。接着，一些世界排名赛又接踵在喷鼻港、曼谷、杜拜举行。1988年的亚运会，台球将被列为金牌项目。今日，斯诺克台球己成为列国国民爱好的一项国际性体育活动。愿望满足O(∩_∩)O哈！另附材料：The Colorful History of Billiards台球的沿革Anyone who refuses to leave prison simply because they are having too much fun playing billiards would be considered something more than just a diehard fan. Yet that is exactly what a Captain Mingaud did during the French Revolution. Granted, Mingaud was not only playing billiards, he was busy revolutionizing the game. Though billiards had already been popular for more than 100 years at that time, Mingaud was the first person to round the end of a pool cue with a file and apply a leather tip to it. After prison, Mingaud promptly proved his invention's superiority over its flat, club-like predecessor in exhibitions throughout France. What the captain had developed was essentially the cue in use today, but the game he generated interest in did not involve shooting balls into pockets. Pocket billiards such as modern-day pool and snooker were around, but they were considered to be the ill-bred cousins of carom billiards, which used a pocketless table. The name pool was born during the 1840s when billiards was closely identified with gambling parlors, or "pool parlors" in the lexicon of the day. The name stuck, and with more than 40 million people playing in America alone last year, so has the game. Despite its universal popularity and frequent airtime on ESPN with professionally organized tournaments, billiards has rarely enjoyed universal respect. Before hitting America, billiards already had a spotty history thanks to the likes of hustlers such as Englishman Jack Carr. Carr, the first person to put chalk on his cue tip, made a fortune peddling his magic "twisting chalk" around France in the 1820s. The "magic" was actually in Carr's wrist; he was the first player to apply spin to a billiards ball, and the term "English" is still used to denote this move. In America, billiards had a questionable reputation because of its association with gambling. The 20-year rivalry of American pool masters Michael Phelan and Dudley Kavanagh in the late 19th century, however, attracted attention and respect as tournaments became standing-room-only tuxedo affairs. Ironically, the two also started a tradition of conflicting associations governing the game, which now makes all titles suspect, and the Olympics an impossible dream. Fortunately, legitimacy and success are not invariably linked. When The Hustler, a 1961 movie starring Paul Newman and Jackie Gleason, glamorized the shady underworld of pool sharks, business boomed.Coin-operated pool tables were born just in time to meet the rising demand. Initially found only in bars and bowling alleys, the new, smaller tables have taken center stage at packed pool halls from Boston to Beijing. 如果一些人由于太爱打台球而不愿出狱，那他们一定不只是球痴罢了。而在法国年夜革命时代，敏高德上尉恰是一个固执的台球迷。他 不仅玩台球，还忙着改造这项活动。 虽然其时，台球已风行了百余年，而敏高德倒是第一个应用锉刀把球杆尾端磨圆，一起使用皮子包上的人。出狱后，在法 国的多次博览会上，敏高德很快就证实他的新创造比本来那种平头像球棍的球杆好用。上尉创造的球杆沿用至今，然而其时他激发兴致的游戏，还未成长到将台球击进球袋的阶段。 “球袋台球”(pocket billiards)如花式、英式台球在其时亘古未有 ，但却被视为是“教化不好的兄弟台球”（carom billiards),它们的球台没有球袋。“弹子”(pool)这个名词 涌现在19世纪40年月，其时台球室和赌场是慎密接洽在一路的，以其时的辞汇称之即为“弹子房”。这个名称就保存下来，客岁，光是美国就有跨越四万万人玩台球，这项活动也常盛不衰。 虽然台球已经风靡世界各地，ESPN也经常转播职业球队的公开赛，但却一直未能博得世人尊敬的眼光。 在台球潮流袭卷美洲之前，它已经有了一段成长不屈衡的汗青，这点，活泼分子诸如英格兰人杰克卡尔等功弗成没。卡尔是首位将白垩用于磨削球杆尖端的人，19世纪20年月他还因在法国各地兜销他奇特的“白垩”发了财。现实上真正“奇特”的，是卡尔的手段：他开创扭转球打法，其时称谓此动作的术语（“侧旋”(English)）也沿用迄今。在美国，台球因和赌钱相接洽，名声仍受到质疑。19世纪末，当台球公开赛成了盛装庆事，只能买到站票的时刻，美国台球双雄迈克费兰和杜德利卡文纳长达20年之久的 霸，吸引了世人的眼光，博得了尊重。具讥讽意味的是，他们 两人也首创了有冲突的台球协会间争相掌握这种活动的主流，它使得所有的名次难以肯定，列入奥林匹克运动会正式竞赛项目仍只是一场梦。 好在，正当与胜利并没有必定接洽。1961年由保罗·纽曼和贾奇·葛利森主演的片子《江湖荡子》，表示了身处昏暗 基层社会台球高手们的魅力，台球生意兴隆起来。投币式的 台球桌也应运而生。这些新型小球 起先只在酒吧、保龄球馆中能找到；如今，从波士顿到北京，在挤满了人的台球场合 里，它俨然成为了主流。